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It also tasted metallic and stung the back of the throat and chest. According to soldiers, which were present at the battle, the chlorine smelled like a mixture of pepper and pineapple. They used it at the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915. Germany used chlorine as a chemical weapon in the First World War. Swimming pools are often filled with water that has been treated that way.Īs a chemical weapon It will act as a disinfectant: if it is added to water, it will kill off bacteria and other organisms. Chlorine is both very reactive, and very poisonous. It is also added to water, as a way of purifying it. Uses For water purification Īs of 2021, the main use of chlorine is for bleach. This is a dangerous reaction that can happen without anyone knowing. It is made when sodium hypochlorite reacts with hydrochloric acid.
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It can be made in the laboratory by reacting manganese dioxide with hydrochloric acid. It can also be made by reacting hydrogen chloride with oxygen and a catalyst. This is known as the chloralkali process.
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It is made by electrolysis (the passing of electricity through a solution to make chemical reactions happen) of sodium chloride. There are some organic compounds that have chlorine in them, too. It is in the ocean (sea salt) and in the ground (rock salt). Sodium chloride is the most common chlorine ore. Chlorine reacts with bromides and iodides to make bromine and iodine.Ĭhlorine compounds Ĭhlorine is not found as an element. The more acidic it is, the more chlorine is made the more basic it is, the more hypochlorous acid (normally turned into hypochlorite) and hydrochloric acid (normally turned into chlorides) are there. It dissolves in water to make a mixture of hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid. It can even burn things instead of oxygen. It reacts with most things to make chlorides. It is more reactive than bromine but less reactive than fluorine. It is heavier than air.Ĭhemical properties Ĭhlorine is highly reactive. It can be made into a liquid when cooled. Properties Physical properties Ĭhlorine is a very irritating and greenish-yellow gas. It is part of the 7th column ( halogens) on the periodic table of elements. Its atomic number (which is the number of protons in it) is 17, and its atomic mass is 35.45. The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 12.01 + (2 × 16.00) = 44.01 g/mol.Chlorine ( chemical symbol Cl) is a chemical element.CO 2 has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.Oxygen (O) has an atomic mass of about 16.00 amu.Carbon (C) has an atomic mass of about 12.01 amu.Let's calculate the molar mass of carbon dioxide (CO 2): Add them together: add the results from step 3 to get the total molar mass of the compound.Calculate molar mass of each element: multiply the atomic mass of each element by the number of atoms of that element in the compound.The atomic mass is usually found on the periodic table and is given in atomic mass units (amu). Find atomic masses: look up the atomic masses of each element present in the compound.For example, water is H 2O, meaning it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Identify the compound: write down the chemical formula of the compound.One mole contains exactly 6.022 ×10 23 particles (Avogadro's number) Mole is a standard scientific unit for measuring large quantities of very small entities such as atoms and molecules.Molar mass ( molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.(1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12) Molecular mass ( molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u).To calculate molecular weight of a chemical compound enter it's formula, specify its isotope mass number after each element in square brackets.Įxamples of molecular weight computations: Molar mass calculator also displays common compound name, Hill formula, elemental composition, mass percent composition, atomic percent compositions and allows to convert from weight to number of moles and vice versa.Ĭomputing molecular weight (molecular mass) Functional groups: D, Ph, Me, Et, Bu, AcAc, For, Tos, Bz, TMS, tBu, Bzl, Bn, DmgĮxamples of molar mass computations: NaCl, Ca(OH)2, K4, CuSO4*5H2O, nitric acid, potassium permanganate, ethanol, fructose, caffeine, water.Capitalize the first letter in chemical symbol and use lower case for the remaining letters: Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, S, O, H, C, N, Na, K, Cl, Al.
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Sodium chloride appears as a white crystalline solid.Ĭomputing molar mass (molar weight)To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound enter its formula and click 'Compute'.